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THE ARCHIVE

The Most Comprehensive Collection of Resources Debunking the Taino Concept

Facebook Resouce Hub
Taino Leadership Summit

https://www.facebook.com/Tainoleadershipsummit

TikTok Resource Hub
WhAt ThE tAiNo 🪇

Tainoism Awareness Guidebook (2025)
https://www.canva.com/design/DAGnQ7tnqCI/BhGVguewqsMD8HaL3aVkuw/watch?utm_content=DAGnQ7tnqCI&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=uniquelinks&utlId=hb6056cec82

Personal Essay Detailing #tainoharm and Disaffiliation from Tainoism
The Colonial Wound of Betrayal - The Real Story of the Taino Leadership Summit
https://medium.com/@tresrosa/the-colonial-wound-of-betrayal-a59f59cb91c8

THE ARCHIVE

Sources

PARES (National Archive, Spain)
https://pares.cultura.gob.es/inicio.html

BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA/BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL HISPÁNICA
https://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/Inicio.do

INSTITUTO de CULTURA PUERTORRIQUEÑA
https://www.icp.pr.gov/archivo-general/

Digital Library of The Caribbean University of Puerto Rico (UPR)
https://dloc.com/collections/iupr

Internet Archive
https://archive.org/

Library Of Congress
https://www.loc.gov/

Project Guttenburg
https://www.gutenberg.org/

ISSUU

HathiTrust

Academia

ResearchGate

https://www.researchgate.net/search

Centro Center for Puerto Rican Studies- Hunter College
https://centroca.hunter.cuny.edu/Front/Index

Scribd

BOOKS—Caribbean History Outside The Taino Propaganda Machine

La Historia De Las Indias, Bartolome De Las Casas (1875-1876) Published by Madrid, Impr. de M. Ginesta—Original text written in 1494 (SOURCE- Internet Archives Books 1-5) Books made possible by El Marqués De La Fuensanta De Valle and Y.D. Jose Sanchez Rayon (1875-1876)

VOLUME 1 (1875)
https://archive.org/details/historiadelasind15casa/page/n5/mode/2up
VOLUME 2 (1875)
https://archive.org/details/historiadelasind15casa_0/page/n5/mode/2up
VOLUME 3 (1875)
https://archive.org/details/historiadelasind15casa_1/mode/2up?q=taino
VOLUME 4 (1876)
https://archive.org/details/historiadelasind15casa_2/page/n5/mode/2up
VOLUME 5 (1876)
https://archive.org/details/historiadelasind15casa_3/page/n5/mode/2up

Letter Honoring Cacique Guaybana/C omunicación al Cacique Guaybana, Archivo General de Indias, (1511)
Reference Code: INDIFERENTE,418,L.3,F.149V(3) (PARES)
https://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/show/246060?nm

Ordenanzas Para el Tratamiento de los Indios (Leyes de Burgos), Archivo General de Indias (1512)

Reference Code: INDIFERENTE,419,L.4,F.83R-96V (PARES)
Royal Provision issuing new ordinances regarding the treatment of the Indians on the island of San Juan de Puerto Rico. Composed of 35 chapters. It is a copy of the original Laws of Burgos (December 27, 1512) (No taino mentioned in document)
https://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/246509

Libro Copiador de Cristóbal Colón, Archivo General de Indias (1530)

Reference Code: ES.41091.AGI//PATRONATO,296B,R.1 (PARES)
Cristóbal Colón's "letters/cartas", link contains seven report-letters from his four voyages and two letters that can be considered of a personal nature, written to the Catholic Monarchs between March 4, 1493 and July 7, 1503. (One of the rallying cries of tainoism is: "Christopher Columbus said taino in his letters" The reality—he doesn't mention taino at all.)
https://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/132741

Historia General de las Indias Ocidentales, ò de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano por Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, cronista mayor de su Magestad de las Indias y de Castilla. Madrid, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (1601)

This webpage has a comprehensive list of Antonio Herrera y Tordesillas book Historia General from (1601- 1728) in all of its variations. (No taino mentioned)
http://www.conquistadeamerica.revistacruzdelsur.ar/LCDA-herrera-tordesillas.html

Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva - España (1632) (Cuba/Mexico)

http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?lang=en&id=0000078076&page=1

Historie del S.D. Fernando Colombo; : nelle quali s'ha particolare, & vera relatione della vita, & de' fatti dell'Ammiraglio D. Christoforo Colombo, suo padre: et dello scoprimento, ch'egli fece dell'Indie Occidentali, dette Mondo Nuovo, hora possedute dal Sereniss. (Key words Spagnuola, Caciqua, Cacique, Cuba, Giamaica (Jamaica), Occidentale

(ITALIAN) Listed as being published in 1571, however the book is an "Altered Copy" "Venice Edition (1709), Translated to Italian from Spanish by S. Alphonso Vllon
*This book features Fra Ramón Pané's description of his experience with a specific tribe in Hispaniola (not the whole Antilles) embedded in the pages 122-145 (in book) pages 292-336 (scroll bar).

https://archive.org/details/historiedelsdfer00coln/mode/2up

El Gíbaro, Manuel A. Alonso, Published in Barcelona by J. Oliveres (1849)
*Considered the first major literary work of Puerto Rico, El Gíbaro documents rural life and identity through the lens of the jíbaro. Notably, there is no mention of “taino” as a people or identity, offering strong evidence that the taino concept was absent from Puerto Rican consciousness in the mid-19th century—decades before its invention and popularization in the 20th century.

https://archive.org/details/elgibaro00alon/page/n7/mode/2up

Historia General y Natural de las Indias, Islas y Tierra-Firme del Mar Oceano, Captain Gonzalo Fernandez De Oviedo Y Valdez (1532-1535) translated by D. José Amador de los Ríos, Published by the Royal Academy of History Spain (1851)

https://archive.org/details/historiageneraly01fern/page/n7/mode/2up

Biblioteca Historica de Puerto-Rico, Alejandro Tapia y Rivera, (1854)

https://archive.org/details/bibliotecahistor00tapi/page/n5/mode/2up

Collection De Los Viajes Y Descubrimiento Tomo I, Martín Fernández de Navarette (1858)

https://archive.org/details/coleccion-de-los-viajes-y-descubrimiento-i/page/n7/mode/2up

Historia Geográfica, Civil y Natural de la Isla de San Juan Bautista de Puerto-Rico / por Iñigo Abbad y Lasierra (1866)
https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/historia-geografica-civil-y-natural-de-la-isla-de-san-juan-bautista-de-puerto-rico--por-inigo-abbad-y-lasierra/

The Arawak Language of Guiana in its Linguistic and Ethnological Relations, Daniel Garrison Brinton, Published by the American Philosophical Society (1871)

*Book criticizes the use of the term taino and its fabrication (Page 436) while also establishing Arawak as a Language, not a tribe or community (whole book).

https://archive.org/details/arawacklanguageo00brinrich/mode/2up

Enriquillo, Leyenda Histórica Dominicana, (1503-1533), Manuel de Jesús Galván, Published (1882)

*See Enriquillo in The Archive section: Books Bent to Fit the Taino Agenda

https://archive.org/details/enriquilloleyen00galvgoog/page/n10/mode/2up

Los Indios Borinqueños, Dr. A. Stahl (1889)
https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcscd.00158138785?st=pdf&r=-0.274%2C-0.127%2C1.548%2C1.548%2C0&pdfPage=4

Gobierno de Frey Nicolás de Ovando en la Española, Cándido Ruiz Martínez (1892)

*Gives the history of Cristóbal Colón's arrest and how Ovando was placed as Governor

https://archive.org/details/b24882501/mode/2up

Puerto Rico y su Historia : Investigaciones Críticas, Salvador Brau, Published by Valencia : Imprenta de F. Vives Mora (1894)

*See Salvador Brau in The Archive section: Books Bent to Fit the Taino Agenda

https://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbpr.63582/?st=pdf&pdfPage=1

Prehistoria de Puerto Rico, Caytano Coll Y Toste (1897)

https://archive.org/details/prehistoriapepuertoRicocolltoste/mode/2up?q=taino

Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology/Smithsonian Institution, Jessie Fewkes (1903-1904)

*Page 26, Fewkes states, "The designation taino has been used by several writers (does not add a footnote to cite the "several writers" in this excerpt) as a characteristic name for the Antillian race. Since it is both significant (as a classification) and euphonious (pleasant to the ear), it may be adopted as a convenient substitute for the adjective "Antillian" to designate a cultural type."
This report by Fewkes was the official beginning of standardizing all artifacts found in the Greater Antilles as taino. The erasure (paper genocide) is evident in the lack of tribal names in relation to the artifacts depicted in the images of the book which denote region rather than to a specific tribe where the artifact was found. Also to note, there are some great references about Puerto Rican Indigenous heritage which identified Borinqenos from the island of Boriquen. Taino is not used to identify the Indigenous peoples of Puerto Rico in the report.
https://books.google.com/books?id=QUtBAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Antología Puertorriqueña: Prosa Y Verso Para Lectura Escolar, Manuel Fernandez Juncos (1913)

*Originally Published in 1895, this school reader reflects Puerto Rican identity through patriotism and literature—long before the taino narrative was invented and imposed.

https://archive.org/details/antologiaportorriquenaprosayversomanuelfernandezjuncos/mode/2up?q=taino

Legendary Islands in the Atlantic, William H. Babcock (1922) (Antilla and the Antilles)

https://dn790001.ca.archive.org/0/items/legendaryislands00babcuoft/legendaryislands00babcuoft.pdf

Elegías de Varones iIustres de Indias, Juan de Castellanos (1522-1607) Republished in Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Atlas (1944) - Key words: Boriquen, Cubagua

https://archive.org/details/elegasdevarones00castgoog/mode/2up

Academic Papers and Articles Debunking the Taino Concept

El Censo De Lando (1530) :Historiografia Y Critica, Francisco Moscoso (1995)

https://rcm1.rcm.upr.edu/demografia/wp-content/uploads/sites/30/2020/04/Francisco-Moscoso-1995-El-censo-de-Lando-1530-historiografia-y-critica.pdf

The Texts of Peter Martyr's De Orbe Novo Decades (1504-1628): A Response to Andrew Hadfield, Michael Brennan (1996/97)

https://www.connotations.de/article/michael-brennan-the-texts-of-peter-martyrs-de-orbe-novo-decades-1504-1628-a-response-to-andrew-hadfield/

Rejoinder to Roberto “Mukaro” Borrero’s A Taíno Response to “The Myth of Taíno Survival the Spanish-Speaking Caribbean” by Gabriel Haslip-Viera (December 14, 2011)
http://www.prdream.com/wordpress/topics/2011/12/3376/

THE “INDIGENOUS” OR “NEO-TAÍNO” MOVEMENT IN THE SPANISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN AND ITS DIASPORA AND THE RETURN OF THE OLD ANGLO NEO-IMPERIALIST SCHOLARSHIP? (2015) Gabriel Haslip-Viera
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273887335_THE_INDIGENOUS_OR_NEO-

TAÍNO: NATIVE HERITAGE AND IDENTITY IN THE CARIBBEAN at the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, Gabriel Haslip-Viera (2018)

https://www.academia.edu/37619103/TA%C3%8DNO_NATIVE_HERITAGE_AND_IDENTITY_IN_THE_CARIBBEAN_at_the_Smithsonian_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian

Terms and Terminology Conflicts of Social Quandaries Engendered by the Taino Native Fixation a Cultural Crisis Analytical Study in Caribbean Contemporary History, Randle Sloan (2019)
https://www.academia.edu/128314489/Terms_and_Terminology_Conflicts_of_Social_Quandaries_

Caribbean History and Heritage Crisis Resulting from Generic Standardization and Substitution of the Native Borinqueños, Boriquans or Boricuas of Puerto Rico Subsequent to Suspicious Taino Research, Randle Sloan (2019)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331358152_Caribbean_History_and_Heritage_Crisis_Resulting_from_Generic_Standardization_and_Substitution_of_the_Native_Borinquenos_Boriquans_or_Boricuas_of_Puerto_Rico_Subsequent_to_Suspicious_Taino_Research

"Sole Property and Domain”: Intellectual Property Law and the Contemporary Puerto Rican Taíno Indigenous Movement, Spencer Dew (2019)
https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/811679/pdf

The Taino Lie: How a Fake Tribe Rewrote Caribbean History: An Exposé of Modern Ethnohistorical Manipulation in the Caribbean, (2025) Tanya Rodriguez
https://www.academia.edu/143275827/The_Taino_Lie_How_a_Fake_Tribe_Rewrote_Caribbean_History_An_Expos%C3%A9_of_Modern_Ethnohistorical_Manipulation_in_the_Caribbean

The Conversion Code: An Exposé on How Tainoism Uses Psychological Programming to Recruit and Control, Tanya Rodriguez (2025)

https://www.academia.edu/144698279/The_Conversion_Code_An_Expos%C3%A9_on_How_Tainoism_Uses_Psychological_Programming_to_Recruit_and_Control

Genetics/DNA Debunking The Unbroken Bloodline Narrative of Tainoism

The Politics of Taíno Revivalism: The In Significance of Amerindian mtDNA in the Population History of Puerto Ricans. A Comment on Recent Research,” Centro Journal 17: 1 (Spring) Gabriel Haslip-Viera (2006)

https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/377/37718114.pdf

Genomic Insights Into the Early Peopling of the Caribbean, Schroeder et al. (2020)
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aba8697

The Genome Grift: An Exposé on How "Taino DNA" Became a Gateway to Indigenous Identity Fraud, (2025) Tanya Rodriguez
https://figshare.com/articles/preprint/The_Genome_Grift_An_Expos_on_How_Taino_DNA_Became_a_Gateway_to_Indigenous_Identity_Fraud/30297016?file=58544479

Videos Debunking Tainoism

Interview with Gabriel Haslip-Viera on January 12, 2017, Segment 2, Part 1
https://centroca.hunter.cuny.edu/Detail/objects/3913

Interview with Gabriel Haslip-Viera on January 12, 2017, Segment 2, Part 2
https://centroca.hunter.cuny.edu/Detail/objects/3912

Interview with Gabriel Haslip-Viera on January 12, 2017, Segment 2, Part 3
https://centroca.hunter.cuny.edu/Detail/objects/3911

Maps of the Antilles/Caribbean

Peak Correction of the Petyr Martyr Map/ fig 4 in Peck 2003 / via Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Martyr_map#/media/File:Peck_correction_2003.tif
Also:
https://oshermaps.org/browse-maps?id=110388#?c=&m=&cv=&xywh=-4417%2C-1%2C14315%2C8192

Freducchi Map (1514-1515) Showing "Ponce De Leon's Florida just north of Cuba
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/rrc/blog/early-spanish-visits-to-southwest-florida/

Maps of Puerto Rico through the Centuries
https://caribbeantrading.com/then-and-now-puerto-rico-maps/

Juan de La Cosa Map (1500)
https://acm5.blogs.rice.edu/color-plate-4/

DIVEDCO—Operation Serenity—and the Tainoizing of Puerto Rico (1949-1991...)

The Bard of Bootstrap TIME MAGAZINE (1958)
https://time.com/archive/6612683/puerto-rico-the-bard-of-bootstrap/

The Meaning of Community Development, Fred Wale, Carmen Isales (1967)
https://issuu.com/coleccionpuertorriquena/docs/the_meaning_the_communities_develop

**Meaning of Community Development in Spanish (1967)
https://icaa.mfah.org/s/es/item/804865#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-1001%2C-94%2C3275%2C1833

The Community Education Division: Part II Field Program (1967) Community Development Bulletin

Vol. 15, No. 4/5 (Sept./Dec. 1964), pp. 147-159 (13 pages) Published By: Oxford University Press (Not full article Jstor)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/44279449searchText=Puerto+rico&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fscope%3DeyJwYWdlTmFtZSI6ICJDb21tdW5pdHkgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgQnVsbGV0aW4iLCAicGFnZVVybCI6ICIvam91cm5hbC9jb21tZGV2ZWJ1bGwiLCAidHlwZSI6ICJqb3VybmFsIiwgImpjb2RlcyI6ICJjb21tZGV2ZWo6Y29tbWRldmVidWxsOm1hc3NlZHVjYnVsbCJ9%26Query%3DPuerto%2Brico%26so%3Drel%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoyLCJzdGFydCI6MjUsInRvdGFsIjo0N30%253D%26groupefq%3DWyJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0Iiwic2VhcmNoX2FydGljbGUiLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX2F1ZGlvIiwicmV2aWV3IiwiY29udHJpYnV0ZWRfdmlkZW8iLCJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydCJd&ab_segments=0%2Fspellcheck_basic_search%2Ftest&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ad338210f7a9af9c94b1b4c332939c532

VISUAL AIDS AND GOOD THINKING IN COMMUNITY EDUCATION IN PUERTO RICO, K. M. HARRISON, Community Development Journal Vol. 2, No. 5 (January 1967), pp. 30-41 (12 pages) Published By: Oxford University Press (Excerpt, full paper is by request from Oxford University Press)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/44254978

Poetic Pragmatism: The Puerto Rican Division of Community Education
(DIVEDCO) and the Politics of Cultural Production, 1949-1968, Mariam Colón Pizzaro (2011)
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/84541/colonm_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

DIVEDCO Movies - YOUTUBE

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzlF-GHhEnGDMcVa8jYdh6bpLO8bYY6pD&si=U0PegzZ31QGtkvSg

Academic Standardization of the Taino Concept (1836-Present)

Books

The American Nations Constantine Rafinesque Schmaltz (1836)

*Book that COINED the word "Taino"
https://archive.org/details/americannations02rafigoog

The Early History of Cuba, I.A. Wright (1916)
https://ia601303.us.archive.org/1/items/earlyhistoryofcu00wrig/earlyhistoryofcu00wrig.pdf

Diccionario de Voces Indígenas de Puerto Rico, Luis Hernández Aquino (1977)
https://archive.org/details/diccionariodevoc0000hern/mode/2up?q=taino

Relación Acerca De Las Antigüedades De Los Indios, Jose Juan Arrom (1988)

https://archive.org/details/pane-fray-ramon.-relacion-acerca-de-las-antiguedades-de-los-indios-ocr-1988/mode/2up

The Tainos : Rise & Decline of the People who Greeted Columbus, Irving Rouse (1992)

https://tiboko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/irving-rouse-the-tainos-.pdf

Articles/Curriculum

Puerto Rico — 500 Years Of Oppression, Piri Thomas and Suzie Dod, Published in Social Justice (1992)

This paper is one of the most cited in academic papers appearing as, (Thomas & Dod). It is also one of the earliest overt taino propaganda pieces in the formation of taino high control groups/nonprofits in the 1990's.
https://cooperative-individualism.org/thomas-piri_puerto-rico-500-years-of-oppression-1992-summer.pdf

Luis Hernández Aquino: Apuntes en Torno al Tema Taíno en Puerto Rico, Mario Cancel Sepulveda (2012)
https://lugaresimaginarios.wordpress.com/2012/10/26/luis-hernandez-aquino-apuntes-en-torno-al-tema-taino-en-puerto-rico/

Resistance and Revolt Handout Scribd (No Date Available)
https://www.scribd.com/document/271171432/Resistance-and-Revolt-Handout

Grades 10 & 11 - Social Practices of The Tainos Handout, Scribd (No Date Available)
https://www.scribd.com/document/629624811/Grades-10-11-Social-Practices-Of-The-Tainos-Handout

The Taínos of Puerto Rico: Rediscovering Borinquen, Elsa María Calderón, Published by, Yale- New Haven Teachers Institute (2025)
https://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1998/3/98.03.04/4

Books Bent to Fit the Taino Agenda

Dictionaire Francois-Caraibe, Révérend Raymond Breton (1666)
*Tainoists misuse Breton’s Dictionaire François-Caraïbe to fabricate a false Taíno language, despite the fact the book documents Island Carib speech from the Lesser Antilles specifically Guadalupe—not the Greater Antilles. Tainoists also misconstrue the contextual meaning of "female language" (the language of women) to suggest a mystical feminine "Indigenous" knowledge. This dismisses the very real differences in linguistics of feminine and masculine throughout humanity.

https://archive.org/details/dictionairefranc00bret

Brevisima Relacion De La Destruccion De Las Indias

Published in Barcelona by Casa de Antonio Lacavalleria in 1646, this reprint of Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias is the closest version to the original 1552 Seville edition still in circulation. Originally written by Bartolomé de las Casas to Prince Philip II, the Brevísima was intended as a moral appeal for reform—urging the Crown to abolish Indigenous slavery and protect Native peoples throughout the Antilles, South America, and Mexico.

Far from being an indictment of “Spanishness,” Las Casas’s original text helped inspire the Leyes Nuevas de las Indias(1542–43)—royal decrees issued by Emperor Charles V and drafted by jurists of the Council of the Indies to safeguard Native populations and prohibiting any new encomienda's. These laws were conceived as instruments of protection and justice, not further subjugation, reflecting a pivotal moment when Spain attempted to legislate ethical governance in its overseas territories.

Las Leyes Neuvas in modern times is often mistakenly labeled as La Leyenda Negra. Both are two vastly different things—from two different countries meant for different purposes, Nuevas (Spain) was created to protect the native Antilles people. Layenda Negra (Germany) was created to demonize the Spanish during the Protestant/Catholic wars.

Las Obras del Obispo D. Fray Bartolome de las Casas, o Casaus, Obispo que fue de la Ciudad Real de Chiapa en las Indias, de la Orden de Santo Domingo ...Casas, Bartolomé de las (1474-1566)
Lacavallería, Antonio (fl. 1646-1700), impresor (1646) En Barcelona : en casa de Antonio Lacaualleria
Breuissima Relacion de la Destruycion de las Indias Occidentales por los Castellanos

https://bnedigital.bne.es/bd/es/card?id=70ecbada-b946-4301-b13e-97b9edb6c2e3

Las Layes Neuvas, Laws and Provisions, November 20, 1542

Real Provisión Dando Ordenanzas Para el Consejo de Indias y Para el Buen Gobierno de las Indias (en 40 capítulos) Archivo General de Indias

Reference Code: ES.41091.AGI/22//INDIFERENTE,423,L.20,F.606V-615R
https://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/255830?nm

This next book is one of the most frequently misused sources by tainoists attempting to “prove” the destruction of the Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean by the Spanish. The central claim— that Bartolomé de las Casas mentioned “taino” in his Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias (also known as The Apologies)—is completely false. What tainoists neglect to mention is that this particular edition became one of the main vehicles for promoting the “Spanish were horrible” narrative, a legacy that still surfaces today—often to justify the ongoing dehumanization of Latino and Caribbean peoples.

The 1664 German edition of Brevísima shown here was part of a Protestant-led anti-Spanish propaganda campaignknown as La Leyenda Negra (The Black Legend), in which Protestant states republished and reinterpreted Las Casas’s work to vilify Catholic Spain. In other words, the book that tainoists use to demonize Spanish ancestry is itself a political fabrication—a highly edited reinterpretation far removed from Las Casas’s original text.

The sensationalized woodcut images included in this German printing were produced in Amsterdam for Protestant audiences and do not appear in the 1646 Seville edition (shown above), which was printed in Spain as a counter-narrative meant to closely mirror the 1542 original. The link below is misattributed to Bartolomé de las Casas and represents a propagandized version of his writing, not an authentic historical account.

No taino is mentioned in this book or in any of the Brevisima books

Regionvm Indicarum per Hispanos Olim Devastatarum Accuratissima Descriptio, insertis Figuris æneis ad vivum fabrefactis, Germany (1664)

https://archive.org/details/regionvmindicaru00casa/page/n5/mode/2up

This next version of Las Casa's Brevisima was written in (1881) and published out of Philadelphia. It reflects post-enlightenment and early colonial critiques of the Spanish Caribbean. it is not a full translation and was written in a time where colonialism, abolition, and national identity were being debated in colonial America. The book serves as a lighthouse for the trend of 19th century publications that serve ideological aims and political motives regarding Spanish colonial history. Book is misattributed to Bartolomé de las Casas in link.

Breve relacion de la destruccion de las Indias occidentales, (1821) PUB by J.F. Hurtel, Philadelphia

https://archive.org/details/breverelaciondel00casa/page/n5/mode/2up

This version was published in Cadiz, Spain in 1821, might possibly by the most trustworthy modern reprint of the original Brevisima from (1542/1646). There are no references to "taino, tayno, or boriken" in the book. There are however, names of Caciques in Hispaniola. Book is misattributed to Bartolomé de las Casas in link.
Brevissima relación de la destrucción de Indias, CADIZ (1821)
https://archive.org/details/HFA901243/page/n3/mode/2up

ENRIQUILLO

Enriquillo, Leyenda Histórica Dominicana,(1503-1533), Manuel de Jesús Galván, Published (1882)

This book presents the story of Enriquillo in a form closest to the original, offering a clear example of how tainoists retroactively impose the taino label by replacing historically continuous tribal identities with a fabricated one. The absence of the word “taino” in this original account underscores how 21st-century texts have been rewritten to insert taino into places it never existed in the first place. This is a textbook example of linguistic imperialism—the reframing of history to serve the taino agenda.

https://archive.org/details/enriquilloleyen00galvgoog/page/n10/mode/2up

Enriquillo Distorted by Tainoism

Enriquillo on Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriquillo

Rebelión Taína de Enriquillo, Jacinto Peña Flores, Scribd (No Date Available)

https://www.scribd.com/document/430373496/caciques-pdf

Enriquillo, Rimairy Zapata, Scribd (No Date Available)
https://www.scribd.com/document/504981090/Enriquillo?_gl=12b58fx_gcl_au*MjAxNDYxOTMwMC4xNzYwODM5MDM4

Taino: A Novel, Jose Barreiro (2012)
https://archive.org/details/tainonovel0000barr/mode/2up

GUAROCUYA. EL TAÍNO QUE DERROTÓ AL IMPERIO ESPAÑOL, Fran Zabaleta (2020)
https://estebanmiracaballos.com/2022/02/27/guarocuya-el-taino-que-derroto-al-imperio-espanol/

SALVADOR BRAU

The Salvador Brau book listed in the above section, resources debunking tainoism predates the 1904 speech by Jesse Fewkes at the Smithsonian, in which he declared "Taino" a suitable replacement for "Antilles" and applied it to classify Greater Antilles artifacts. Below, I’ve listed three books commonly used by tainoists to “prove” historical continuity—each of which unscrupulously reframes Salvador Brau’s original work to fit the taino agenda.

La colonización de Puerto Rico, desde el descubrimiento de la isla hasta la reversión á la corona española de los privilegios de Colón, Slavador Brau (1907)

https://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbpr.19425/?sp=37&st=image

HISTORIA DE PUERTO RICO Por Salvador Brau (1917)

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=txu.059173018403760&utm_source=chatgpt.com&seq=7&q1=taino

HISTORIA DE PUERTO RICO (1904) de SALVADOR BRAU (Rewritten in 1966)
https://issuu.com/iatr/docs/iatr_1966_ecq_historia_de_puerto_rico_1904_de_s

DR. DIEGO ALVAREZ CHANCA

Dr. Chanca is one of the most distorted narratives within the confines of tainoism. The actual writings detailing Dr. Chanca's experience is majority lifted out of La Historia de las Indias written by Bartolome De Las Casas.

The original "translation" of Dr. Chanca's "letters" is found in Washington Irving's book, A history of the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828). Since Irvings book was written before the word taino was coined, the word taino does not make an appearance in the book. So when did the taino version of Dr. Chanca's letters first appear?

RH Major's Select Letters of Christopher Columbus first imprinted 1847 but published in January 1848 republished in 1870, populates the majority of the book with content from La Historia (see above) and retroactively adding the word Tayno of which is not present in earlier copies of La Historia. The word "Taino" specifically is not present in the Select Letters. Both the 1800's versions of La Historia and RH Major's Select Letters were published by the Haklyut Society. On Internet Archives, the book is misattributed to Christopher Columbus and Dr. Diego Chanca.

Select letters of Christopher Columbus, With Other Original Documents, Relating to His Four Voyages to the New World , RH Major, Published by the Haklyut Society (1870)

https://archive.org/details/selectlettersofc00colurich/mode/2up

The Haklyut Society
https://www.hakluyt.com/

Following Select Letters, in the year 1883, a Cuban scholar named Antonio Bachiller Y Morales wrote the book Cuba primitiva. Origen, lenguas, tradiciones e historia de los indios de las Antillas Mayores y las Lucayas. This is the first traceable book where the Dr. Chanca's narrative of "Taino, Taino" appears.

Cuba Primitiva. Origen, Lenguas, Tradiciones e Historia de los Indios de las Antillas Mayores y las Lucayas, Antonio Bachiller Y Morales (1883) Published in joint combination with Cuba, America

https://archive.org/details/cubaprimitivaori00bachuoft/page/2/mode/2up?q=taino

Colón en Puert-Rico Disquisiciones Histórico-Filológicas, Caytano Coll Y Toste (1893)

Features the words Tayno Tayno in relation to the island of Guadalupe. (in footnotes) Page 47.
Book also features original Antilles island names.
https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=zjK1sbrcbDMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Cuba Primitiva was followed up in 1904 by THE LETTER OF DR. DIEGO ALVAREZ CHANCA, DATED

1494, RELATING TO THE SECOND VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS TO AMERICA (being the First Written Document on the Natural History, Ethnography, AND Ethnology of America) by A. M. FERNANDEZ DE YBARRA. A.B., M.D. who was a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, and self proclaimed Medical Biographer of Christopher Columbus. This is the first book that establishes an assumption of authority surrounding the word "taino" in reference to Dr. Chanca's letters. Remember, no one has actually seen Dr. Chanca's letters and the original writing from Irving to RH Major retroactively imposed the word tayno.

THE LETTER OF DR. DIEGO ALVAREZ CHANCA, DATED 1494, RELATING TO THE SECOND VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS TO AMERICA, A. M. FERNANDEZ DE YBARRA. A.B., M.D (1904)

https://repository.si.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/a0dcd5e1-2ad8-451a-b5ee-6f8fbf063009/content

The Taino Taino Dr. Chanca narrative was firmly established in to the circles of academia with the publishing of Jessie Walter Fewkes Twenty‑Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology titled The Aborigines of Porto Rico and Neighboring Islands , Smithsonian 1903-4)
https://archive.org/details/aboriginesporto00fewkgoog/page/n8/mode/2up

Every subsequent publication featuring Dr. Chanca's "taino taino" derives from this lineage of an academic sleight of hand, turned taino repeating concepts, evolving to a core tainoism narrative.